🏛️ The Legislative Branch

Quick Summary

Article I of the Constitution creates the Legislative Branch — Congress — and it is the LONGEST article because the Framers wanted lawmaking to be the most powerful (but most carefully controlled) branch. Congress has two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

How a Bill Becomes a Law

• •1. Bill is introduced in the House or Senate (revenue/tax bills MUST start in the House).
• •2. Sent to a committee for review and changes.
• •3. Debated and voted on by the full chamber — needs a simple majority to pass.
• •4. Sent to the OTHER chamber, which repeats the process.
• •5. Both chambers must pass the SAME version (a conference committee resolves differences).
• •6. Sent to the President: sign it (becomes law), veto it, or do nothing for 10 days.
• •7. Congress can override a veto with a 2/3 vote in BOTH houses.

Impeachment Process

The HOUSE charges (impeaches) by simple majority. The SENATE holds the trial and needs a 2/3 supermajority (67 senators) to convict and remove. The Chief Justice presides when the President is on trial. Exam key fact: Senate = Trial.

Elastic Clause

Found at the end of Article I, Section 8. Lets Congress make any laws 'necessary and proper' to carry out its other powers. Called 'elastic' because it stretches Congress's power — controversial because critics say it goes beyond the Constitution's intent.

Key Leaders

• •Speaker of the House — leads the House; chosen by the majority party.
• •President of the Senate — the Vice President; only votes to break ties.
• •President Pro Tempore — leads the Senate when the VP is absent.
• •Majority and Minority Leaders — run their parties in each chamber.